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Ouvrage Simserhof
Ouvrage Simserhof is a ''gros ouvrage'' of the Maginot Line, located near the community of Sierstal in the French ''département'' of Moselle. Simserhof is adjoined by ''petit ouvrage'' Rohrbach and ''gros ouvrage'' Schiesseck, and faces the German frontier. Located 4 km to the west of Bitche, the ''ouvrage'' derived its name from a nearby farm. It was a part of the Fortified Sector of Rohrbach. During the Battle of France in 1940, Simserhof supported its neighboring fortifications with covering artillery fire, with partial success. After the surrender of France, it was occupied by the Germans as a storage depot for torpedoes, and later resisted the American advances of late 1944. Taken by the Americans, it was briefly re-occupied by the Germans during Operation Nordwind. Following the war it was repaired for use by the French Army, but was proposed as a museum of the Maginot Line as early as the 1960s. Retained by the Ministry of Defense, Simserhof now functions as a museum, and has the most extensive visitor infrastructure of any of the preserved Maginot fortifications.
== Design and construction ==
Initial project planning was led by Colonel Frossard. The first concept consisted of five closely spaced blocks fronted by an anti-tank ditch. The entry for the ''ouvrage'' was to be built in a ravine to the rear, with a 60 cm rail line running to a supply network farther behind the lines. The plan was rejected in July 1929 by CORF (Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées), the central planning agency for the Maginot Line. A number of objections were raised, including the amount of clear-cutting required, and an insufficient field of fire with dead ground exploitable by an attacker.〔Mary, Tome 1, p. 26〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.simserhof.fr/site/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8&Itemid=4 )〕
The second concept envisioned two ''ouvrages'' apart, arranged for mutual support. This plan was adopted in September 1929 at the direction of Maréchal Pétain, despite increasing costs estimated at 38 million francs.〔 Further modifications raised the projected cost to 62 million francs. Ultimately, eight combat blocks were constructed, with a single mixed entry, the principal work spanning from 1930 to 1933. The entire project ran from 1929 to 1938. By 1934 the central utility plant (''usine'') was in place, along with ammunition lifts and the internal railway. In 1938 the anti-tank obstacles were complete. Final costs were 118 million francs (equivalent to €30 million). Plans to provide blockhouses covering an anti-tank ditch were dropped.〔〔Mary, Tome 3, p. 125〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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